The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities Literature review

The Opportunities and Challenges of Transforming Government Entities into Smart Organizations - Literature survey Example The factor of manageability is a basic part in these changes to savvy associations as more spotlight is on the earth, social, money related and political supportability. Notwithstanding, while at the same time attempted an activity to change government substances into brilliant associations there are different difficulties which are seen that limits the way to achieve explicit objectives or to support administration. These difficulties are connected with different fields and are regularly the essential driver behind the disappointment of brilliant government activities. In this specific investigation, not exclusively will the open doors be featured which is related with such change yet it will even include the likely difficulties that can be viewed as a region of worry for such government substances. Savvy government activity can be viewed as a plan which is resounded by everyone in the current situation because of different reasons. It is an activity that is embraced to apply data i nnovation, correspondence and activity over a wide scope of locales, procedures, and spaces, with just one reason, that is to create maintainable open worth (Hevner and Chatterjee, 2010, pp. 27). The two elements which are normal in any keen government activity are adaptability and viability. The accomplishment of any such activity is major as a result of its arrangement with crucial, viability of administration and operational effectiveness which gives required adaptability in a specific circumstance. This examination will plot the different methodologies identified with the savvy government which is occurring in various nations alongside Dubai. At long last, a theoretical model will be joined to decide the disappointment and achievement factors identified with shrewd government. Further investigation directed in this examination will be founded on the embraced theoretical framework.â

A Case Study Existential Therapy Essay Essay Example

A Case Study: Existential Therapy Essay Paper After run intoing with Anna and following her underlying rating I have concluded that it would be in her best association to pull upon the builds of the Existential hypothesis. Utilizing the contemplations behind Experiential Therapy we will go towards making a decent healer and customer relationship. We will so cooperate to pass on Anna’s awareness and obviousness to a topographic purpose of mental equalization. Anna will explore herself from inside her recollections. thoughts. what's more, perceptual encounters to go past her restricted hesitance. Our point of convergence will be on â€Å"what† her present issues are at this clasp happen the potential causes investigate thought structures. reflect. what's more, take a gander at various approaches to see condition of affairss changing thought structures and practices in this manner choosing the current â€Å"What† or bother before long upsetting Anna’s life. Anna will use geographic campaign and customer drove talking methods to reveal any reoccurring thoughts. practices. or on the other hand feelings to mean a structure and correlativity of thought with her present. We will compose a custom paper test on A Case Study: Existential Therapy Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on A Case Study: Existential Therapy Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on A Case Study: Existential Therapy Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Despite the fact that we are using strategies that take a gander at past recollections. feelings. also, practices we are non focusing on the â€Å"why† of her present annoyances and non even the present practices. feelings. or on the other hand responses that are hindering her picks and control in her life required for her to hold an increasingly positive mental self view. Anna so can make focus on life condition of affairss through smart thoughts which will back up a progressively important and strict developing. She will be asking herself requests, for example, â€Å"Who am I? † and â€Å"What is the aim of life? † By investigating these requests. inferring a superior anxiety of self image. so reflecting upon them we foresee that she will happen new position and awareness about herself. that can reduce her from the mental hurt with which she is by and by suffering from. ( Murdock. 2012 ) How it will be utilized in the direction strategy for customer Our point is to procure Anna to parcel data about her present life condition of affairss furthermore her past encounters. her recognitions from her youth. her recollections. We will cooperate as healer and customer to inquire about all of Anna’s how can she see her associations with others. her condition. furthermore, how she sees herself. Anna will divide data about both her days gone by and current situation with affairss. what's more, how she responded to such frequencies at the clasp. furthermore, how she is by and by reacting to her current situation with affairss throughout everyday life. Together we will work at happening structures and monotonous practices. searching for the reasons for any reoccurring practices or thoughts. Any anxiousnesss she runs over will be investigated for dismays of seclusion. singularity. what's more, expire. Anna will larn to challenge life for what it is in more advantageous manners. also, to take obligation and control of her life by changi ng her self-recognitions and responses to her condition and different people groups impact. Anna will be reflecting upon her recollections. what's more, about how these encounters caused her to feel alongside how she is by and by encountering about her current life condition of affairss. Anna and I. will talk how she adapts in frightening occasions. ( Sue 1987 ) All this procedure of talk. geographic campaign. find. investigation. what's more, examination will work to get Anna to have her opportunity without alarm. as the one liable and in charge of her ain advancement through her sound thoughts and activities of her will. She will happen essentialness of herself and life and grow new thoughts and practices that are advancing. accordingly leting her to be â€Å"true to herself† . Anna will happen improvement. furthermore, reestablished vitality that will rouse her to where she will happen her good and noteworthiness and purpose throughout everyday life. I picked the Existential and behaviorist hypothesis and to use its strategies for treatment in Anna’s occasion overview over different speculations. since she was a decent campaigner for victory in mediation. This hypothesis centers around perceptual experience and modifying twisted idea shapes that are the reason for current annoyances through responsive practices in one’s life. I figure this hypothesis will turn out an effective customer result for Anna when taking care of her character upsets of wretchedness. also, uneasiness. ( Murdock 2012 ) Reding Goals and Interventions The central finish of experiential treatment is to empower Anna to get down being all the more obvious with herself. furthermore, to infer a bigger new situation about how she sees the universe and herself. The point is for Anna to all the more likely comprehend and consider the exercises she finds in her days gone by. what's more, use them as an attendant for the great beyond. I will take to help ease Anna’s intention to One of the direction closures will be to cooperate as healer and customer to pass on cognizance to Anna’s awareness so she can happen completeness and mental parity. When we unite both the obviousness and the awareness of Anna’s thoughts and practices Anna can hold mitigation from her mental anguish and truly happen hugeness to it. We other than need to realine Anna’s witting and oblivious features of her character by distinguishing purpose and importance for her practices. thoughts. furthermore, status. also, through her advancement of new qualities. Jungian uses images that will out of nowhere look in customer dreams. everyday lives. endeavors of imagination. what's more, their phantasies. A significant number of these are like pictures in legends. confidence and conventions. Convergence of these pictures makes vitality that makes pictures that lead to inclinations Jungian Theory: A drawn out Commitment for Reding This hypothesis requires examination which requires the treatment to occur on visit balance and the direction Sessionss are relied upon to be of high quality. Meetings will be planned one to multiple times every hebdomad and it is feasible for even at least five Sessionss per hebdomad to be chosen. Both customer and patient work to make up ones psyche what might be most acceptable total of clasp required for the client’s explicit needs in direction. Regularly the direction system lined up with this hypothesis reaches out more than a few mature ages and could travel much more if necessary. ( Murdock 2012 ) The counselor’s and client’s work in reding? The instructor and customer works in Anna’s direction will be partaken in numerous nations, for example, genuine committedness to reding since this sort is one that requires since a long time ago run treatment more than a few mature ages. The counselor’s work is to help the customer point of convergence on their encounters in their everyday life. past recollections. connections. sentiments and responses to these encounters. thought. furthermore, geographic campaign of the client’s dreams. Through the collaboration and quality of the connection between the customer and the healer judgments are made together about the direction technique. The customer is required to divide data the advocate is the examiner despite the fact that the customer partitions in the breaking down of the data and conclusions to be made. Secrecy is an unquestionable requirement. The advocate has the troublesome capacity of examiner the difficulty of exploring the â€Å"psyche â€Å"of the customer. The customer has the capacity of constantly requiring to be witting of their thoughts and practices. Duty. relationship. what's more, focus on realining the oblivious and witting psyche in relationship. I believe are the vast majority of import works in this kind of reding methodology. For what populace ( s ) is this hypothesis generally suitable? How does this hypothesis address the cultural and social requests of the customer? This investigation type does useful for individuals who have intense subject matters. have relationship occupations need developing and look for hugeness of life. those on strict geographic endeavor. individuals who endure with gloom. nervousness. what's more, with the socially different customers when changed to the customer requests and on the grounds that it centers around a person’s â€Å"psyche† so there is non a particular character type or way of believed that is required for this investigation to be fruitful and viable ( Addison. 1997 ) . Here the point of convergence on the full â€Å"psyche† of a person’s head goes past the cultural singularity of 1s sense of self each piece long as the expert is socially discerning of the customers assorted variety during the logical technique of looking into the client’s data and discoveries. there shouldn’t be any issues with the client’s social requests being undermined. ( Blass 2003 ) Other of import data that customer should open up and potential risks of Jungian examination Other of import data the customer ought to open up would be misuse. injury. or then again some other memory or significant experience that had an enthusiastic effect upon the customer. There is ever the peril of building up an increasingly horrendous tension when oblivious recollections and additionally feelings out of nowhere surface doing nervousness that could set an end on this kind of reding technique immediately because of conceivable injury for the customer. Notices: Cherry. Kendra. Psychoanalytical Theories of Development. About Education ( 2015 ) mental science. about. com/od/developmentecourse/a/dev_psychoanaly. htm Addison. R. ( 1997 ) : The racially extraordinary patient in single and gathering psychotherapeutics. Diary of Contemporary Psychotherapyt. 9. 1. 39-40. Blass

College Application Essay For Math Majors - Learn How to Make Your College Application Essay Powerful and Effective

College Application Essay For Math Majors - Learn How to Make Your College Application Essay Powerful and EffectiveWriting an essay about your college application requires a great deal of creativity and ability to communicate clearly. College essays for math majors are designed to be unique, helpful, and inspiring. By following these tips, you can write a great one that will stand out from the crowd.To make an effective essay on mathematics, first of all, you need to take some time to consider how to solve any math problems that you might have encountered during your studies. The math class at your college can be a valuable source of this kind of information. After you have come up with a few solutions, make sure to use them in your essay, or in a follow-up email or letter.For instance, consider the problem of 'How do you know if the square root of minus two is negative or positive?' or 'Why is the ratio of sides of a triangle the same as that of a square?' These are just two common math problems that students might have encountered in their mathematics courses. Other problems include solving equations, making graphs, or proof-reading. Every math problem you encounter on your college application should be included in your essay.You should also include a personal connection between your experiences in math and your potential for success in your college application essay. For example, if you were the only person in your math class who was accepted into a top-ranked college, it is likely that you will receive more than one reply from admissions officers interested in your transcript. By including this personal connection, you will be able to make a more convincing argument that you can make yourself.Students should also make a point of including links to articles they have written about a subject related to the one they are applying to, whether in their newspapers or online publications. Academic publications like The Atlantic and The Economist are great resources for writing an essay on your college application. It is also good to consult with a college adviser to see if these resources are available.Because you are writing your essay on your own, there is no reason not to allow yourself to write about your own opinion. Start your own journal entries or daily journal in which you share your opinions and thoughts on a particular topic. Write about something that interests you and something that will interest your college admissions officer. A personal essay based on your experience in mathematics will make you look more 'personable' and will help you relate your personal style to your application.Finally, try to be clear and concise in your writing. Use short sentences, avoid long paragraphs, and make sure to incorporate any other tools such as quotations and charts to help explain your points. Once you get into the habit of taking care of your personal essay, it will be much easier to keep up with your college application.Using the tips abo ve, you can learn how to write a good college application essay for a math major. Follow these simple rules and you will find that your college application essay is easy to write and very persuasive.

What They Are and How They Were Formed

The word pluvial is Latin for the word rain; therefore, a pluvial lake is often thought of as a formerly large lake created by excessive rain paired with little evaporation. In geography though, the presence of an ancient pluvial lake or its remnants represents a period when the worlds climate was much different from present-day conditions. Historically, such shifts changed arid areas into places with extremely wet conditions. There are also present-day pluvial lakes that show the importance of various weather patterns to a location. In addition to being referred to as pluvial lakes, ancient lakes associated with former wet periods are sometimes put into the category of paleolakes. Formation of Pluvial Lakes The study of pluvial lakes today is mostly tied to that of ice ages and glaciation as the ancient lakes have left distinct landform features. The most prominent and well studied of these lakes are usually related to the last glacial period as this is when they are thought to have formed. Most of these lakes formed in arid locations where there was initially not enough rain and mountain snow to establish a drainage system with rivers and lakes. As the climate then cooled with the onset of climate change, these dry locations turned wet because of different air flows caused by the large continental ice sheets and their weather patterns. With more precipitation, stream runoff increased and began to fill the basins in the formerly dry areas. Over time, as more water became available with the increased moisture, the lakes enlarged and spread across places with lower elevations creating enormous pluvial lakes. Shrinking of Pluvial Lakes Just as pluvial lakes are created by climate fluctuations, they are also destroyed by them over time. For example, as the Holocene epoch began after the last glaciation temperatures around the world rose. As a result, the continental ice sheets melted, again causing a shift in world weather patterns and making the newly wet areas once again arid. This period of little precipitation caused the pluvial lakes to experience a drop in their water levels. Such lakes are usually endorheic, meaning they are a closed drainage basin that retains precipitation and its runoff but it does not have a drainage outlet. Therefore without a sophisticated drainage system and no incoming water, the lakes began to gradually evaporate in the dry, warm conditions usually found in their locations. Â   Some of Today’s Pluvial Lakes Though the most famous of todays pluvial lakes are significantly smaller than they used to be because of the lack of precipitation, their remnants are important aspects of many landscapes around the world. The United States Great Basin area is famous for having the remains of two large pluvial lakes -- Lakes Bonneville and Lahontan. Lake Bonneville (map of former Lake Bonneville) once covered nearly all of Utah as well as portions of Idaho and Nevada. It formed about 32,000 years ago and lasted until approximately 16,800 years ago. Lake Bonnevilles demise came with reduced precipitation and evaporation, but most of its water was lost as it overflowed through Red Rock Pass in Idaho after the Bear River was diverted to Lake Bonneville following lava flows in the area. However, as time passed and little rain fell into what remained of the lake, it continued to shrink. The Great Salt Lake and the Bonneville Salt Flats are the largest remaining portions of Lake Bonneville today. Lake Lahontan (map of former Lake Lahontan) is a pluvial lake that covered nearly all of northwestern Nevada as well as parts of northeastern California and southern Oregon. At its peak about 12,700 years ago, it covered approximately 8,500 square miles (22,000 square kilometers). Like Lake Bonneville, Lake Lahontans waters gradually began to evaporate resulting in a drop in lake level over time. Today, the only remaining lakes are Pyramid Lake and Walker Lake, both of which are located in Nevada. The rest of the lake’s remnants consist of dry playas and rock formations where the ancient shoreline was. In addition to these ancient pluvial lakes, several lakes still exist around the world today and are dependent on an areas precipitation patterns. Lake Eyre in South Australia is one. During the dry season portions of the Eyre Basin are dry playas but when the rainy season begins the nearby rivers flow to the basin, increasing the lake’s size and depth. This is dependent though on the seasonal fluctuations of the monsoon and some years the lake can be much larger and deeper than others. Todays pluvial lakes represent the importance of precipitation patterns and the availability of water for a locale; whereas the remains of ancient lakes show how a shift in such patterns can alter an area. Regardless of whether or not a pluvial lake is ancient or still existing today though, they are important components of an area’s landscape and will remain so as long as they continue to form and later disappear.

Food And Shelter Architecture And Food - 786 Words

Food and shelter have always been a part of our conscious and often dominate our immediate attention. (Hosey, 2003.) They are a part of our routine news, entertainment, work, interests and even our obsessions. A large number of journals, websites and television shows are centered on food as well as shelter. It seems evident that food and shelter have a noticeable connection. They lure our senses. Food starts to imitate architecture and architecture imitates food. It is a stronger profound connection between the two that keeps these subjects at the forefront of our bulletin and our consciousness. Architecture and food adhere to similar principles: design phase or ingredient gathering, building phase or food preparation and finally usage or consumption. Initiating from regional elements such as regional terrain these elements later befall into a fragment of the terrain after their life cycle. Architecture and cuisine manifest themselves in the making; both evolve and last in the form of memories, tastes, and time. They represent a universe of sensual materials based on reflecting with things; rather than reflecting about things. If a gourmet dish is an expression of the human talent for transforming terrestrial materials into an edible substance, a cooking ritual is reflecting with materials, food science is merely thinking about that material. A cook thinks using the ingredients in his or her kitchen, whereas, a nutritionist or dietician thinks using denomination such asShow MoreRelatedStray Animals From Jackson County1152 Words   |  5 Pagesthis issue could be to add an animal shelter, or an animal rescue center somewhere within the community or county. Adding an animal shelter, or animal rescue center would open up a temporary source of food and shelter for these stray animals within the community. According to ASPCA â€Å"More than 35% of cats are acquired as strays.† (â€Å"Pet Statistics.†) That means at least 35% of cats found are strays. That 35% were probably wandering around in search of food and shelter. Even closer to home, the temperaturesRead MoreVernacular Architecture Of The Past For The Future1647 Words   |  7 PagesRELATIONSHIP TO COUNTRY: †¨VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF THE PAST FOR THE FUTURE ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Vernacular architecture, the simplest form of addressing human needs. Vernacular architecture originated when mankind was forced to make use of the natural resources around him, and provide himself shelter and comfort which is responsive to the climate. 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Americas Government Dependency - 903 Words

Government dependency is replacing the illegal drug trade as the most destructive force in our country. Politicians are the counterparts to the drug kingpins, as are their appointed bureaucrats to the pushers and enforcers. We welcome them into our homes, neighborhoods, schools, businesses, and allow them to infiltrate every corner of society. The pushers and enforcers that feed our addiction to big-government money, exhibit many of the same traits and tactics as drug dealers. The idea of getting more and more people hooked, thus assuring millions of mindless users for life is the same. Not to mention, they offer career employment opportunities for the kingpins and pushers. Chemical dependency, the devastating conventional drug problem†¦show more content†¦When dependence upon and subservience to the state replaced teaching of critical and rational thinking skills, indoctrination replaced education. The remaining dregs of the public education system, from kindergarten to graduate school, send woefully unprepared young people into society lacking the skills and knowledge to function and survive on their own. The hunters, gatherers, and entrepreneurs of free-willed, independent people are quickly being supplanted by beggars and unmotivated hoards of whining miscreants. They prefer to accept the federal government as the ultimate power over their economic and personal lives, and in turn, mortgage their future and their children’s futures for more government induced euphoria. Most animals instinctively teach their young how to survive before sending them into the world. Unfortunately, our instincts have devolved into teaching dependence. We see the finished product of nanny-state incompetence with the tantrum crowd’s demostrations on Wall Street demanding even more government. They whine about the evils of Capitalism and the free-enterprise system and demand the dismantling of both. 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Company Relocation Project Plan for Healthcare- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCompany Relocation Project Plan for Healthcare. Answer: Introduction to the project The project plan is based on to manage moving the company to another location. A private healthcare provider in Singapore desires to relocate their healthcare business to another city of Singapore. The relocation decision is taken to improve the healthcare business by expanding the IT infrastructure and better serve the clients and healthcare associates. The entire relocation of the company is dependent in companys size. The company decides to outgrow the current space due to their expanded workforces, and they also need an efficient and updated facility to relocate their business. The relocation process needs proper planning of the location, finding of the office space, office fit out, technology, visual and furniture. This particular project plan includes of key dates of moving the office, strategies for the office move, IT and telecom infrastructure needs and communication considerations. The main benefit of this project plan is to deliver the plan within scheduled time and also budget. This report reflects on project scope statement based on six items such as objectives, deliverables, milestones, limits and exclusions, technical requirements and review with the customer. It also establishes three project priorities criteria for determining the priorities based on factors such as time, scope and cost. It provides a work breakdown structure, estimation of the cost with time phase budget. It also provides a Gantt chart which shows the estimated time with proper end and finish date of entire relocation plan of the healthcare provider business. Project scope statement Project objectives Following are the objectives of the project plan: To complete the project plan on scheduled time and estimated budget To complete check for the live operations of the relocation plan To approve the construction documents, furniture plans and moving map To expand the IT infrastructure and support of the healthcare provider business To better service and provide healthcare services to the patients, clients and healthcare associates Project deliverables In order to successfully complete the project plan, all the project deliverables are required to meet and approve by the project manager (Fisher, 2014). The lists of deliverables for relocation of the business to another location are as follows: Survey of new office space before construction phase Relocation of the healthcare business with minor modifications to current operational building Real time office relocation of the employees and contractors Expansion of the IT infrastructure as well as system along with upgradation of the online throughout the move Project documentation such as project management plan, construction document, furniture plan and moving map such as interior layout Milestones The project milestones are: Task Name Expected Start Completion of Feasibility Analysis Phase 12/12/17 Completion of Planning Phase 12/26/17 Completion of Relocation phase 2/15/18 Completion of Closing phase 2/22/18 Technical requirements Following are the technical requirements to relocate of the business are: The building where the office is relocated should meet with the building code and it should have authorized holder. Provide the new location details into the official website of the company so that the customers should know about their relocation (Huang, Chaiprapat Waiyagan, 2015). End of the project plan on time such as within 67 days Obtaining of the insurance and permit from the higher authority and government to construct the office building Providing of training to the staffs so as to handle the project relocation plans Limits and exclusions The limitations of the project plan are that there is limited budget, therefore the relocation plan requires more fund. There is lot of downtime into the company while moving of their business to another location (Indelicato, 2014). Extra resources are required for the plan so that there is need to add more cost which may extend the project schedule. Review with customer The workers those are working into the company should provide their review and feedback using communication processes such as survey and weekly meetings. Based on the feedback of the workers, the relocation work of the company is continued so that in future the workers can get better working environment and they are satisfied to work on it. Establish project priorities Before the project manager started to work on the project plan, there is requirement to develop the project priorities as based on those the work should be done. It enables the project manager to determine which of three criterias are most essential (Manning, 2014). The project priority matrix for company relocation plan is: Criteria Time Scope Cost Constrain Enhance Accept The responsibility of the project manager is to estimate of the time, cost and provide the scope of the relocation project plan those are considered as the three main principles into the project priority matrix. Into this particular project plan, the priorities are as follows: Time: Time is considered as a constraint, as it is required to start the plan on scheduled time which is 22nd November, 2017 and end the plan on estimated plan with duration of 67 days. Proper finish is required on time as the company should start their healthcare business into new location on time. Scope: The project scope may enhance when new requirements are added into the plan. There should also possibility of scope changes into middle of the project phase (Rivinus, 2013). Cost: There is limited cost into the project; therefore project funding is required to meet with the project requirements for relocation of the business. Before start of the project, the project sponsor should estimate the resources properly so that later there are no chances of increasing the budgeted cost. Therefore, it is accepted by the project sponsor for funding requirements. When the three principles are accepted, then the project manager ranks those based on their priorities on the project. Based on the ranking system, time has highest priority, budget has second and scope consists of third priority. Create Work Breakdown Structure The following tables show the works which are taken place into the project plan: WBS Project Activities 0 Project Plan: To manage moving the company to another location 1 Feasibility Analysis Phase 1.1 Project charter 1.2 Preliminary project scope 1.3 Needs analysis 1.3.1 Needs of the business 1.3.2 Needs of the customers 2 Planning Phase 2.1 Selection of the contractor 2.1.1 Building materials specifications 2.2 IT specification plan 2.3 Furniture vendor selection 3 Relocation phase 3.1 Legal, IT and project management 3.2 Checklist for furniture delivery 3.3 New IT system delivery checklist 3.4 Server deployment report 3.5 Move map and schedule report 4 Closing phase 4.1 Sign off report of project manager 4.2 Final IT system testing report The work packages are the related tasks within the project plan. It is considered as the smallest unit of the work in which the project is being broken down to create the work breakdown structure. At the time of preparing of the work break down structure, the deliverables are broken down into managerial pieces of the work. The process of deconstruction is continued until the deliverables are small, then it is considered as the work packages (Wells Kloppenborg, 2015). The works packages are the lowest activity of the work breakdown structure for each the activities. In this project relocation plan, the work packages are considered as: Preliminary project scope, Needs of the customers, Furniture vendor selection, Move map and schedule report and Final IT system testing report. Each of the work packages should be small so that the project manager can estimate both the duration as well as cost (Indelicato, 2014). Those identified work packages are scheduled, cost estimation and controll ed properly. The work packages are important as it permits to work on various components of the project plan. Figure 1: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) Figure 2: Work breakdown structure (Source: Created by author) Cost estimation Project activities Duration Budget Cost of office space occupancy Week 1 $ 1500 Insurance cost Week 2 $ 300 Cost of the transaction Week 3 $ 840 Permits fees for the office building Week 4 $ 2000 Design and office fitting out cost Week 5 $ 2000 Furniture cost Week 6 $ 1000 Delivery and installation cost of the furniture Week 7 $ 800 IT cabling Week 8 $ 1700 Cost for the disposal Week 9-10 $ 200 Printing cost Week 11 $ 300 Marketing and operational cost Week 12 $ 500 Other costs Week 13 $ 4700 Total cost for the project: $ 15,840 Within this particular cost estimation, the project manager uses the bottom up estimation technique which shows the expected cost of the work which is taken place. The estimated and total project cost should require being equal ((Huang, Chaiprapat Waiyagan, 2015). As the cost estimation is accurate, therefore it is the best process. Using this cost estimation method, the actual cost of all the work packages are calculated properly. Time phase budget: Chart 1: Time phase budget (Source: Created by author) References Fisher, C. (2014). New Techniques in Project Management.AJIBM,04(12), 739-750. Huang, G., Chaiprapat, S., Waiyagan, K. (2015). Automated process planning and cost estimation under material quality uncertainty.The International Journal Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. Indelicato, G. (2014). A Compendium of PMO Case Studies: Reflecting Project Business Management Concepts.Project Management Journal,45(2), e4-e4. Manning, S. (2014). Mitigate, tolerate or relocate? Offshoring challenges, strategic imperatives and resource constraints.Journal Of World Business,49(4), 522-535. Rivinus, C. (2013). IT project prioritization: A practical application of knowledge management principles.Business Information Review,30(4), 196-203. Wells, K., Kloppenborg, T. (2015).Project management essentials. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

AIDS In Detail Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV, Kaposis Sarcoma,

AIDS In Detail Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Today, despite the continuing production of better antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin, we are facing an infectious disease against which all these drugs are virtually powerless. This disease is spreading inexorably, killing more people and more people each year. AIDS does not know no national boundaries and does not discriminate by race or sex. It is rampaging not only throughout the United States, but also through Africa, India, China, Russia, Europe, South America, and the Caribbean countries. Even infants and children are at risk. AIDS is similar to the bubonic plague or the "BLACK DEATH" that killed perhaps one-third in Europe in the 14th century. Yet, the difference from the "Black Death" and AIDS is that it is in slow motion because the infectious agent that causes AIDS can remain dormant in a person's body for several years before it causes illness, and because death from AIDS can be slow and drawn out once symptoms appear. AIDS is essentially a disease of the immune system. The body's defenses are destroyed and the patient becomes prey to the infections and cancers that would normally be fought off without any trouble. In 1984 it was proved that AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A virus is a minute infectious particle that enters and kills the immune cells, or lymphocytes. Because it destroys the very mechanism humans rely on for protection, prior to 1996 contracting Aids was considered a death sentence. For many years, 85 to 90 percent of all AIDS patients died within three years. They might have recovered from one infection only to succumb to another a few months later. Between infections they remain weak, emaciated and unable to work or carry on normal activities. In late 1996, almost 15 years after the first reported AIDS cases, researchers made the discovery that a certain combination of newly developed drugs could substantially prolong life in some AIDS patients. But AIDS is a fiendish virus. When researchers cleared it out of a patient's bloodstream, it hid in the lymph nodes. Scientists, figured out how to banish it from the lymph nodes, they found the virus lurking in the brain. Although, there is hope for a cure because they have done some experiments isolating a gene and it has had good results in some people infected with AIDS. The area that many people are concerned is with Southeast Asia-particularly India. At 900 million, India's population is almost double that sub-Saharan Africa, which, with 13.3 million HIV-positive adults, accounts for 60 percent of the world's total adult infections. The major reasons for such spread in India and following Africa is the high rate of their population, poverty rate, and other risk factors all point to a likely explosion. The number of HIV infections worldwide doubled between 1991 and 1996-and that number is expected to double again by the year 2000. By the turn of the century, about 44 million people will have fallen victim to the virus that causes AIDS. The signs of hope do not stop by the reason of Prevention Programs which they have succeeded in reducing HIV-infection rates dramatically among young men in Thailand and young women in Uganda-two of the countries hit hardest by the3 disease. The rate of new infections have also dropped sharply among gay men in the United States, Australia, Canada, and western Europe. However, many ingredients of the AIDS epidemic are still mystery. The cause of AIDS remained uncertain for several years after its discovery. Even now, there are questions about how efficiently the AIDS virus spreads, whether it will kill everyone who gets it, and why the virus is do devastating to the immune system. It's initial spread was in the United States was among groups that are frowned upon by society-homosexuals and intravenous(drug users)- AIDS has a stigma associated with it. This makes the disease difficult to confront rationally. However, people are terrified even by the word of AIDS. The virus does not get transmitted by any body contact neither through the air. However, the disease does not pass from one person to another through the air, by sneezing, on eating utensils, by shaking hands, or through body contact in sports. There are only four ways it can be spread: through injection with a needle contaminated with HIV, which it can happen when drug addicts share needles; by receiving a transfusion of contaminated blood; or-in the case of infant with an HIV-positive mother-having the virus transmitted through the placenta before birth, or the mother's milk

AIDS In Detail Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV, Kaposis Sarcoma,

AIDS In Detail Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Today, despite the continuing production of better antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin, we are facing an infectious disease against which all these drugs are virtually powerless. This disease is spreading inexorably, killing more people and more people each year. AIDS does not know no national boundaries and does not discriminate by race or sex. It is rampaging not only throughout the United States, but also through Africa, India, China, Russia, Europe, South America, and the Caribbean countries. Even infants and children are at risk. AIDS is similar to the bubonic plague or the "BLACK DEATH" that killed perhaps one-third in Europe in the 14th century. Yet, the difference from the "Black Death" and AIDS is that it is in slow motion because the infectious agent that causes AIDS can remain dormant in a person's body for several years before it causes illness, and because death from AIDS can be slow and drawn out once symptoms appear. AIDS is essentially a disease of the immune system. The body's defenses are destroyed and the patient becomes prey to the infections and cancers that would normally be fought off without any trouble. In 1984 it was proved that AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A virus is a minute infectious particle that enters and kills the immune cells, or lymphocytes. Because it destroys the very mechanism humans rely on for protection, prior to 1996 contracting Aids was considered a death sentence. For many years, 85 to 90 percent of all AIDS patients died within three years. They might have recovered from one infection only to succumb to another a few months later. Between infections they remain weak, emaciated and unable to work or carry on normal activities. In late 1996, almost 15 years after the first reported AIDS cases, researchers made the discovery that a certain combination of newly developed drugs could substantially prolong life in some AIDS patients. But AIDS is a fiendish virus. When researchers cleared it out of a patient's bloodstream, it hid in the lymph nodes. Scientists, figured out how to banish it from the lymph nodes, they found the virus lurking in the brain. Although, there is hope for a cure because they have done some experiments isolating a gene and it has had good results in some people infected with AIDS. The area that many people are concerned is with Southeast Asia-particularly India. At 900 million, India's population is almost double that sub-Saharan Africa, which, with 13.3 million HIV-positive adults, accounts for 60 percent of the world's total adult infections. The major reasons for such spread in India and following Africa is the high rate of their population, poverty rate, and other risk factors all point to a likely explosion. The number of HIV infections worldwide doubled between 1991 and 1996-and that number is expected to double again by the year 2000. By the turn of the century, about 44 million people will have fallen victim to the virus that causes AIDS. The signs of hope do not stop by the reason of Prevention Programs which they have succeeded in reducing HIV-infection rates dramatically among young men in Thailand and young women in Uganda-two of the countries hit hardest by the3 disease. The rate of new infections have also dropped sharply among gay men in the United States, Australia, Canada, and western Europe. However, many ingredients of the AIDS epidemic are still mystery. The cause of AIDS remained uncertain for several years after its discovery. Even now, there are questions about how efficiently the AIDS virus spreads, whether it will kill everyone who gets it, and why the virus is do devastating to the immune system. It's initial spread was in the United States was among groups that are frowned upon by society-homosexuals and intravenous(drug users)- AIDS has a stigma associated with it. This makes the disease difficult to confront rationally. However, people are terrified even by the word of AIDS. The virus does not get transmitted by any body contact neither through the air. However, the disease does not pass from one person to another through the air, by sneezing, on eating utensils, by shaking hands, or through body contact in sports. There are only four ways it can be spread: through injection with a needle contaminated with HIV, which it can happen when drug addicts share needles; by receiving a transfusion of contaminated blood; or-in the case of infant with an HIV-positive mother-having the virus transmitted through the placenta before birth, or the mother's milk

AIDS In Detail Essays - HIVAIDS, HIV, Kaposis Sarcoma,

AIDS In Detail Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Today, despite the continuing production of better antibiotics since the discovery of penicillin, we are facing an infectious disease against which all these drugs are virtually powerless. This disease is spreading inexorably, killing more people and more people each year. AIDS does not know no national boundaries and does not discriminate by race or sex. It is rampaging not only throughout the United States, but also through Africa, India, China, Russia, Europe, South America, and the Caribbean countries. Even infants and children are at risk. AIDS is similar to the bubonic plague or the "BLACK DEATH" that killed perhaps one-third in Europe in the 14th century. Yet, the difference from the "Black Death" and AIDS is that it is in slow motion because the infectious agent that causes AIDS can remain dormant in a person's body for several years before it causes illness, and because death from AIDS can be slow and drawn out once symptoms appear. AIDS is essentially a disease of the immune system. The body's defenses are destroyed and the patient becomes prey to the infections and cancers that would normally be fought off without any trouble. In 1984 it was proved that AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A virus is a minute infectious particle that enters and kills the immune cells, or lymphocytes. Because it destroys the very mechanism humans rely on for protection, prior to 1996 contracting Aids was considered a death sentence. For many years, 85 to 90 percent of all AIDS patients died within three years. They might have recovered from one infection only to succumb to another a few months later. Between infections they remain weak, emaciated and unable to work or carry on normal activities. In late 1996, almost 15 years after the first reported AIDS cases, researchers made the discovery that a certain combination of newly developed drugs could substantially prolong life in some AIDS patients. But AIDS is a fiendish virus. When researchers cleared it out of a patient's bloodstream, it hid in the lymph nodes. Scientists, figured out how to banish it from the lymph nodes, they found the virus lurking in the brain. Although, there is hope for a cure because they have done some experiments isolating a gene and it has had good results in some people infected with AIDS. The area that many people are concerned is with Southeast Asia-particularly India. At 900 million, India's population is almost double that sub-Saharan Africa, which, with 13.3 million HIV-positive adults, accounts for 60 percent of the world's total adult infections. The major reasons for such spread in India and following Africa is the high rate of their population, poverty rate, and other risk factors all point to a likely explosion. The number of HIV infections worldwide doubled between 1991 and 1996-and that number is expected to double again by the year 2000. By the turn of the century, about 44 million people will have fallen victim to the virus that causes AIDS. The signs of hope do not stop by the reason of Prevention Programs which they have succeeded in reducing HIV-infection rates dramatically among young men in Thailand and young women in Uganda-two of the countries hit hardest by the3 disease. The rate of new infections have also dropped sharply among gay men in the United States, Australia, Canada, and western Europe. However, many ingredients of the AIDS epidemic are still mystery. The cause of AIDS remained uncertain for several years after its discovery. Even now, there are questions about how efficiently the AIDS virus spreads, whether it will kill everyone who gets it, and why the virus is do devastating to the immune system. It's initial spread was in the United States was among groups that are frowned upon by society-homosexuals and intravenous(drug users)- AIDS has a stigma associated with it. This makes the disease difficult to confront rationally. However, people are terrified even by the word of AIDS. The virus does not get transmitted by any body contact neither through the air. However, the disease does not pass from one person to another through the air, by sneezing, on eating utensils, by shaking hands, or through body contact in sports. There are only four ways it can be spread: through injection with a needle contaminated with HIV, which it can happen when drug addicts share needles; by receiving a transfusion of contaminated blood; or-in the case of infant with an HIV-positive mother-having the virus transmitted through the placenta before birth, or the mother's milk

The child essays

The child essays "The childs right to creative thought and expression written by Jalongo (2003) is an informative article by the Association for Childhood Education International written for educators, parents and other stakeholders in childrens education and portrays the notion that children should be taught, and given the right, to think creatively and express themselves through their creative work from a young age. By doing so it is believed that children today will become resourceful, imaginative, inventive, and ethical problem solvers in tomorrows future. Jalongo (2003), who writes on behalf of the Association for Childhood Education International (ACEI), begins her article by outlining the concerns surrounding creativity in childrens education today. Jalongo (2003) sets her position from the beginning of the article, which is to make educators, parents and stakeholders in childrens education aware of the importance of the early years in childrens lives for gaining and enhancing the skills needed for creative thought and expression. Jalongo (2003) continues this position by arguing that the definition of creativity must be improved and expanded so it is coherent with contemporary theory and research. Furthermore, this will then mean that creative thought and expression will not only depend on talent alone, it will also focus on motivation, interest, effort and opportunity (Jalongo, 2003). This in turn will reveal the benefits and importance of educating children in creative thought and expression from young, not only for children themselves but for civilization as a whole. Jalongo (2003) uses a recent study of the brain by Runco and Pritzker (1999), as a means to prove to the reader the extent and ability of childrens creative thought. Jalongo (2003) also uses this research to justify part of her position which is that creativity needs to be redefined due to recent resear...

Managing 'Fifteen' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managing 'Fifteen' - Essay Example Seeking to intentionally form one is, therefore, an important part of leading an organisation (Ansoff 1965). It is also important to plan it carefully as implementing a business culture in a haphazard manner can have a detrimental effect on the long term practicability of the business venture (Prasad 2012). Corporate culture defines the joint behaviours or conduct of a company, their feelings regarding all the divisions of the company, like consumers, colleagues, and shareholders, and the general values the co-workers all practice on a regular basis (Morgan 1997). Decisiveness, empowerment, and team work are some of the qualities that show the presence of strong working culture in businesses (Perrow 1986). The culture actually grows to be the true motivator for outstanding performances, and generates a competitive advantage that other corporations will find it quite difficult to imitate (Stoner & Freemen 1995). The Essential Nature of Managerial Work, and the Role of Leader Managemen t is a common quality in that it is a familiar component in all businesses. Managers carry out more or less identical operations regardless of their standing or the type of business in question (Luthans 2006). Management aims at realising corporate objectives and purposes (Maslow 1954). Management basically involves overseeing people who are arranged in work groups. It also incorporates retaining, motivating, and developing employees in their workplaces, and assisting them to realise satisfaction in their capacities as employees (Robbins 2002). All such interpersonal associations make the ‘management’ functions a social development. Leaders in the present world have to play numerous roles while seeking to advocate for only one key vision (Allen 1958). All the stakeholders of a business, from its workers to its consumers, look to the leader to speak of where he or she sees the future of the company as being, and then give details about how this dream can be implemented ( Weihrich & Kootz 1990). One of the most important aspects of leadership is providing inspiring leadership that is not based on following the rivals, who may have a bigger reputation (Ivancevish & Matleson 2007). The Different Roles Played By Jamie Oliver as A Manager in ‘Fifteen’ Using Mintzberg’s Classification Henry Mintzberg defined particular managerial functions that were a common theme in most businesses (Hersey & Blanchard 1988). He felt that a manager should be able to appreciate all of his or her functions, as well as how to execute them efficiently (Mintzberg 1992). Jamie Oliver shows in ‘Fifteen’ the different traits that were proposed by Mintzberg in his model. Figure head:Â  Jamie Oliver invested a considerable amount of capital in the creation of the restaurant called ‘Fifteen’. He was already a recognised chef and so he had a lot of goodwill, which would auger well for his new business enterprise. Leader: As a leader, Jam ie inspired his employees and inspired them to develop their different talents. He not only motivated the students, but sought to speak to them about their personal problems. He visited the homes of students and also evaluated their level of commitment by giving them tough tests. Liaison: Jamie Oliver was strongly involved in his community in various aspects. He was a well known campaigner for better

Barnes and Noble vs Amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Barnes and Noble vs Amazon - Essay Example Amazon goes global Bezos, who invented Amazon Company, has been always fought against negative predictions, which outlined that the Company should have bankrupted in 2001. Jeff Bezos claims that he is a very happy person and he likes managing his personnel. Bezos readily takes risk and he thinks that it is important to avoid risk in any enterprise. Amazon had a challenging situation and a difficult financial situation in 2002 showed that it suffered $3 billion operating losses. Currently Amazon plays a leading role in online market practices. Starting from 1994 book sales market was not overcrowded by the competitors. Amazon gained one of the leading roles in the market at that time (Isckia 334). Jeff Bezos has always been focused on sales increase, but not only financial gains interested him, but also a high-level satisfaction of the customers gained. Advertising in printed media and on TV were the most saving tactics for Bezos and his company. Innovative practices of many businesse s are on the way of their fast development and Amazon illustrates their ability to be a sound competitor in the modern market of book sales. Nowadays Amazon is providing â€Å"wider selection, lower prices and fast, reliable delivery† (Joshi & Yermish 2000, p. 18). ... Bezos has been always focused on long-term profit gains and he did not focus on near-term profitability.  An individual-centered approach was chosen by Amazon as the most reasonable policy. It was very important for products' differentiation and price policy to pay attention for every individual. Amazon was on the way of innovative development. Thus, it took into account opportunities opened by the Internet. Products availability on the web was one of the main concerns for the Company. In the result of Company's going virtual, it has experienced the following positive changes: traffic improved goods availability on the web; Amazon promoted a market share; financial losses of the Company were decreased; cash flow operation was significantly improved; profitability was one of the main concerns for the company; Amazon gained a position of a profitable business. Amazon can be distinguished by the following factors: â€Å"price, selection, availability, convenience, information, discov ery, brand recognition, personalized services, accessibility, customer service, reliability, speed of delivery, ease of use and ability to adapt to changing conditions† (Kargar 2004, p. 102). Currently, retail sales of Amazon are rather diverse: from selling DVDs, videos, electronics, camera and photo items, cell phones and services, tools and hardware, software, video games, kitchen and house ware products (Whittaker 2004, p. 24). It is possible to claim that Amazon exceeds the limits of a traditional book seller. Initially this Company intended to occupy a position of a successful bookseller, but with a course of time the world's leading position in different spheres of trade were occupied by Amazon too. Jeff Bezos shows a

Military Dictatorship and Hieratical Political Leaders Essay Example for Free

Military Dictatorship and Hieratical Political Leaders Essay Military dictatorship and hieratical political leaders failed in Bangladesh Military dictatorship and hieratical political leaders failed in Bangladesh to institutionalize democracy and ensure development and liberty for the people. It looks like that we have to restart from the beginning. As early as 1965 the late Akhter hamid Khan of Comilla Academy had a vision to take government to the doorstep of common people through a local government and micro- enterprises under cooperative with management support from a rural based bureaucrats and reduce the revenue urden of the central government a corresponding reduction of members in the centralized bureaucratic administration. To invoke public propositions and opinion in this regard, the following few points have been innumerate to be further developed in future. . Bangladesh was liberated by the toiling masses at great sacrifices primarily by farmers, labors and students, though history did not credit them for their role and instead placed all laurels and benefits of the liberation war to the army, politicians, bureaucrats, greedy elitist and business community to whom all the ealth and privileges and legal concessions of all the Governments have been showered upon. Another liberation war is necessary to liberate real peoples and ensure their development. 2. points were fundamental basis of ensuring all right, entitlement Justice to peoples of a promised Sonar Bangla. On that same basis we have to restructure reform our executive Judicial functions with maximum autonomy power to local government leaving only such functions as National security, Foreign affairs, Currency, reserve bank federal financi al affairs, Planning upport and coordination, One integrated national Industrial corporation for development of Basic large Industries, One integrated R D council for development of Science and technology, with major emphasis on empirical research. One National Multimode integrated Transport Network System, One National IT Centre for networking all ministerial local government functions, archiving and retrieving data and information etc. 3. Democracy, Socialism, non-alignment and secularism were the basis of our constitution which was tempered and tailored many times by all Governments to suit certain specific objective of some leaders and their party. The basic principles of a constitution should be sealed for any amendment except through referendum only. The 1st constitution of Bangladesh had some clauses with embedded party interest such as preventive detention under article 33, unrestricted tenure for PM;s office article 57, Local Govt. structure and power as in article 59 60, blind following of party line as in article 70 and many others. Though all parties derive certain benefits from these, they must be recast to reflect public pinion on them. . The chapters and clauses on part VI Judiciary contains no structural, Judicial and procedural reforms to ensure dispensing timely Justice within affordable cost. The system has become single biggest obstacle towards prevention of vices and chapters and clauses on part IX Services of Bangladesh contains no structural and procedural reforms to convert the servants of the colonial masters to respectable employees of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. Myopic planning, redtapism and fund crumpling are common causes of all or most project failures in Bangladesh. PSC failure to recruit proper personnel on the basis of personnel integrity, meritocracy, accountability and preference to generalist in place of function based specialist are major causes for rise of a elitist, high living and corrupt bureaucrats who hold every thread of power over political government and who will never allow local government function to be within control of elected local government as the same will hamper their financial interest. . Reorganization of Statutory bodies ; state owned enterprise, public undertakings including banking, securities, and non banking inancial enterprises in Bangladesh is essential as they have substantial bearing on our economy caused due to drainage of capital through loans given to be subsequently classified. Project failure and loss of employment, flight of capital and money laundering, low FDI, management failure, undisciplined labor, lack of accountability and transferency etc. 7. Prepare a total guide line proposal for long, medium and short term development plan for developing Bangladesh with a vision to raise it to a modern state with an egalitarian society by dismantling the existing horrible wealth gap between rich and poor.

Black Holes Essay -- Essays Papers

Black Holes Every day we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders, our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever elusive, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. By definition, a black hole is a region where matter collapses to infinite density, and where, as a result, the curvature of space-time is extreme. Moreover, the intense gravitational field of the black hole prevents any light or other electromagnetic radiation from escaping. But where lies the â€Å"point of no return† at which any matter or energy is doomed to disappear from the visible universe? The black hole’s surface is known as the event horizon. Behind this horizon, the inward pull of gravity is overwhelming and no information about the black hole’s interior can escape to the outer universe. Applying the Einstein Field Equations to collapsing stars, Kurt Schwarzschild discovered the critical radius for a given mass at which matter would collapse into an infinitely dense state known as a singularity. At the center of the black hole lies the singularity, where matter is crushed to infinite density, the pull of gravity is infinitely strong, and space-time has infinite curvature. Here it is no longer meaningful to speak of space and time, much less space-time. Jumbled up at the singularity, space and time as we know them cease to exist. At the singularity, the laws of physics break down, including Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. This is known as Quantum Gravity. In this realm, space and time are broken apart and cause and effect cannot be unraveled. Even today, there is no satisfactory theory for what happens at and beyond the rim of the singularity. A rotating black hole has an interesting feature, called a Cauchy horizon... ...rams were made showing how astronomers believe that if somehow you were to survive through the center of the black hole that there would be enough gravitational force to possible warp you to another end in the universe or possibly to another universe. The creative deas that can be hypothesized from this discovery are endless. Although our universe is filled with many unexplained, glorious phenomena, it is our duty to continue exploring them and to continue learning, but in the process we must not take any of it for granted. As you have read, black holes are a major topic within our universe and they contain so much curiosity that they could possibly hold unlimited uses. Black holes are a sensation that astronomers are still very puzzled with. It seems that as we get closer to solving their existence and functions, we only end up with more and more questions. Although these questions just lead us into more and more unanswered problems we seek and find refuge into them, dreaming that maybe one far off distant day, we will understand all the conceptions and we will be able to use the universe to our advantage and go where only our dreams could take us.

Abortion Is a Social Failure

Leanna Sullivan English 111 Christina Forsyth April 4, 2009 â€Å"Abortion Is a Social Failure† Abortion is said to be â€Å"a woman’s choice. † Women do have the choice, the choice should be to do what is best for their child whether the pregnancy is planned or not. The resources should be made available for the mother to do that. There should be more funding for public services and health care for extremely low income families. Abortion is wrong and it harms the society that we live in. In 1973, the U. S. Supreme Court made abortion on demand the law of the land. With Roe v. Wade, the Court forced America to revoke the commitment to â€Å"life, liberty and justice for all. † Abortion advocates guaranteed us that making abortion easy would mean â€Å"’every child a wanted child’,†(Mealey) which would reduce child abuse and it would reduce crime. Those unwanted children who often develop into criminals would never be born. This would decrease murder rates and criminal activity; thus for, those unwanted children would never have the opportunity to act out and disrupt society. â€Å"It would protect vulnerable women from being butchered by untrained abortionists cashing in on their desperation. Widespread abortion could only lead to stronger women, stronger families and a stronger society, they promised. † (Mealey) With almost 46 million â€Å"unwanted† children murdered because of abortion since 1973 ruling, there should have been a decrease in child abuse. That did not happen. In 2003, nearly 1 million children were victims of abuse and neglected, experts calculated approximately that â€Å"three times that number was actually abused. Almost 1,500 children died of their injuries that year, according to the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, which reports that all types of child abuse have increased since 1980. The plan to reduce crime by getting rid of the possible perpetrators’ just did not work out the way they wanted it to. Children were murdered to decrease murder rates and criminal activity. Also, according to Yale University law professor John Lott and Australian economist John Whitley, states that legalized abortion noticed higher h omicide rates almost every year between 1976 and 1998. They found that legalizing abortion increased state murder rates up to 7 percent. The plan to reduce crime by getting rid of possible perpetrators did not work either. Abortion can be a public health issue. In countries where abortion is not legal, approximately, 20 million women have unsafe abortion each year. (Fisanick) If legal abortion is not available, women will danger their health to end an unplanned pregnancy. Abortion is legal because the rights of the mother surpass the rights of the fetus and the fetus shows no sign of brain activity until well into the second trimester. The United States has tried to defend the rights of the fetus, but no one can determine the boundaries. Every year 45 million pregnancies end in abortion. Almost half of those abortions are medically unsafe, and end in the deaths of nearly 70,000 women. (Fisanick) When death does not occur from unsafe abortion, women can have long-term disabilities, such as uterine perforation, chronic pelvic pain or pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, making abortion legal and available are public health issues. â€Å"Criminalizing abortion does not save babies; it kills mothers. † () However, now it is safe with medical and surgical methods. Many countries have legalized abortion. According to the United Nations Population Fund, Where abortion is safe and legal, rates of abortion tend to be low. In contrast to the claim that thousands of women died because of illegal abortion before the ruling of Roe v. Wade, the actually figure for the deaths reported was only 263 in 1950. In 1970 that total even dropped to 119 deaths of women due to abortion. Legalizing abortion was supposed to eliminate the chance that a woman would be injured or killed during an abortion. Even though abortion is legal, it is still the fifth leading cause of pregnant women in the United States. (Mealey) In the Miami Herald, there was a story ran about a local abortion clinic. A woman died because of the conditions of the clinic. Another woman was mutilated. Abortion advocates knew about the clinic's conditions but did not say anything because of political reasons. Now, how in anyone’s right mind could they allow such horrendous acts to take place is beyond me. Just to keep the peace no one said anything. Abortions are legal to benefit the mother, so if the mother is dead or mutilated how did she receive any help. Needless to say, the most frequent gynecologic emergencies are problems preceding an abortion performed in a self-supporting clinic. (Mealey) Banning abortion as the consequence of denying women right to use a procedure that may be needed for their enjoyment of their right to health, according to the human rights act. Only women can experience the physical and emotional aspects of unwanted pregnancy. Some women suffer maternity-related injuries, such as hemorrhage or obstructed labor. Denying women access to medical services that enable th em to regulate their fertility or terminate a dangerous pregnancy amounts to a refusal to provide health care that only women need. Women are consequently exposed to health risks not experienced by men. Laws that deny the availability to abortion, have the purpose of denying a women's capacity to make responsible decisions about their bodies and their lives. Indeed, governments may find the potential consequences of allowing women to make such decisions threatening in some circumstances. Recognizing women's sexual and reproductive autonomy contradicts long-standing social norms that render women lower to men in their families and communities. It is not surprising that unwillingness to allow women to make their own decisions. Many Americans see abortion as â€Å"necessary† to avert â€Å"the back alley. In this sense, the notion of legal abortion as a â€Å"necessary evil† is based on a series of myths widely disseminated since the 1960s. These myths captured the public mind and have yet to be rebutted. One to two million illegal abortions occurred annually before legalization. In fact, the annual total in the few years before abortion on demand was no more than tens o f thousands and most likely fewer. Thousands of women died annually from abortions before legalization. As a leader in the legalization movement, Abortion law targeted women rather than abortionists before legalization. In fact, the nearly uniform policy of the states for nearly a century before 1973 was to treat the woman as the second victim of abortion. Legalized abortion has been good for women. In fact, women still die from legal abortion, and the general impact on health has had many negative consequences, including the physical and psychological toll that many women bear, the epidemic of sexually transmitted disease, the general coarsening of male-female relationships over the past 30 years, the threefold increase in the repeat-abortion rate, and the increase in hospitalizations from ectopic pregnancies. A generation of Americans educated by these myths sees little alternative to legalized abortion. It is commonly believed that prohibitions on abortion would not reduce abortion and only push thousands of women into â€Å"the back alley† where many would be killed or injured. Prohibitions would mean no fewer abortions and more women injured or killed. The better approach would be to make abortion less necessary. The first thing that needs to be done is to reduce the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy. Half of all pregnancies are unplanned and out of that half, half of them get abortions. If we showed dedication for getting out the information about abstinence and contraception; and public funding for family planning services, I know more women would be willing to keep their babies. Women who are able to avoid unplanned pregnancy do not have to make the decision of whether to have an abortion. Unfortunately, there will always be some unplanned pregnancies. Therefore, once a woman finds herself with an unplanned pregnancy, another way to reduce abortion is to guarantee that she has the resources to have and raise a child. One of the two most common reasons women choose abortion is because they cannot manage to pay for another child. Providing low-income women with education, career opportunities, Works Cited Brown, Diana. â€Å"Abortion Should Not Be Restricted. † At Issue: Should Abortion Rights Be Restricted?. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Ivy Tech – Terre Haute. 14 Feb. 2009 . Mealey, Misty. â€Å"Abortion Is a Social Failure. † Current Controversies: The Abortion Controversy. Ed. Emma Bernay. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Ivy Tech – Terre Haute. 11 Feb. 2009

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